For decades, the fundamental architecture of our computers has remained largely unchanged. We have a processor (CPU) that thinks and a memory unit (RAM) that remembers. However, as we move into the era of massive AI and big data, this separation has become the single biggest hurdle in technological progress.

The Von Neumann Bottleneck

In standard computing, data must constantly travel back and forth between the memory and the processor. This "data highway" is limited by speed and consumes a massive amount of energy. Known as the Von Neumann Bottleneck, this physical distance means that the CPU often sits idle, waiting for data to arrive from the memory, wasting both time and power.